From First Principles Podcast By Krishna Choudhary and Lester Nare cover art

From First Principles

From First Principles

By: Krishna Choudhary and Lester Nare
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From First Principles is a fast, funny, and rigorous breakdown of the biggest science stories of the week, hosted by Lester Nare and physicist Krishna Choudhary, PhD. We go past headlines into the actual mechanics: what happened, why it matters, and what everyone’s missing. Expect physics, space, AI, energy, biotech, and the occasional “wait… is that real?” story. If you’re curious, skeptical, and you like learning in public — you’re in the right place.Krishna Choudhary and Lester Nare Science
Episodes
  • Artemis II, Claude Code Leak, iPhone Spyware & Project Hail Mary (EP 36)
    Apr 3 2026

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this rundown episode covers five new science and tech stories at a high level: NASA’s Artemis 2 moon mission, what actually leaked in the Claude Code incident, a new cancer genomics paper suggesting domesticated cats may be unusually useful real-world models for human cancer, two leaked iPhone spyware toolkits, and a science-focused review of Project Hail Mary.


    Summary


    Artemis 2 is finally flying — why this mission matters, why it is not landing yet, and why the moon race is back in geopolitical focus.


    Claude Code leaked, but not Claude itself — what was exposed, why people got confused, and why the distinction between source code and model weights matters.


    Cats and cancer — why domesticated cats may offer a more realistic environmental cancer model than traditional lab rodents.


    iPhone spyware in the wild — what Dark Sword and Coruna are, what they can do, and why this signals a broader shift in cyber risk.


    Project Hail Mary science review — what the film gets right, what it gets wrong, and which scientific liberties are hardest to buy.


    Support the show
    Donate: FFPod.com/donate
    Follow: @FFPod on X / Instagram / TikTok / Facebook

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    1 hr and 1 min
  • Can AI Help Wake Coma Patients? The Science of Consciousness (EP 35)
    Mar 31 2026

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode is a deep dive into one of the hardest questions in neuroscience: what breaks in the brain during a coma, and can we figure out how to turn consciousness back on? We unpack a new paper from Daniel Toker et al. that uses an interpretable AI framework — not a generic black box chatbot model — to reverse engineer the biological mechanisms of prolonged unconsciousness, recover known features of coma, predict new ones, and propose a possible new target for deep brain stimulation.


    Summary


    Why diagnosis is so hard — disorders of consciousness are not just about whether a patient is awake, but whether awareness is still present even when motor output is gone.


    The mesocircuit hypothesis — the episode explains how the cortex, thalamus, and basal ganglia may work together like an electrical grid to support consciousness.


    Interpretable AI, not black-box hype — Daniel Toker’s team built a biophysically grounded model that rediscovered known coma features and predicted two new biological mechanisms.


    A possible stimulation target — the subthalamic nucleus emerged as a standout candidate for deep brain stimulation, suggesting a new path toward restoring wakefulness.


    Support the show
    Donate: FFPod.com/donate
    Follow: @FFPod on X / Instagram / TikTok / Facebook


    Show Notes

    Daniel Toker et al. — Adversarial AI reveals mechanisms and treatments for disorders of consciousness


    Nicholas Schiff et al. — deep brain stimulation in a minimally conscious patient


    Adrian Owen et al. — fMRI evidence of covert awareness in a patient diagnosed as vegetative

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    1 hr and 9 mins
  • AI Cancer Vaccines, Strange Fish, Ketamine, and Ancient Life (EP. 34)
    Mar 27 2026

    Hosted by Lester Nare and Krishna Choudhary, this episode is a fast-moving science rundown covering four remarkable stories from across AI, genetics, neuroscience, and paleontology. We dig into the story of a machine learning engineer who used AI tools to help design a personalized cancer vaccine for his dog, explore how an all-female fish species has survived far longer than evolutionary theory would predict, unpack new brain-scan evidence for how ketamine may rapidly relieve severe depression, and look at new research suggesting life rebounded shockingly fast after the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs.


    Summary


    AI and personalized medicine — a striking case study in how AI tools may help accelerate highly customized treatments, starting with a rescue dog named Rosie.


    Evolution gets weird — the Amazon molly fish appears to challenge the usual assumptions about why asexual reproduction should fail over long time scales.


    Why ketamine works so fast — new PET imaging research points to brain-region-specific changes in AMPA receptors in treatment-resistant depression.


    Life after catastrophe — microscopic plankton may have evolved into new species within just a few thousand years after the Chicxulub impact.


    Support the showDonate: FFPod.com/donateFollow: @FFPod on X / Instagram / TikTok / Facebook


    Show Notes

    AI-designed dog cancer vaccine story

    https://finance.yahoo.com/news/mans-dog-riddled-tumors-dying-210500037.html?guccounter=1


    Amazon molly / gene conversion paper

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10180-9


    Ketamine / AMPA receptor PET imaging paper

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-026-03510-w


    Post-asteroid plankton recovery paper

    https://www.yokohama-cu.ac.jp/english/news/20260306takahashi.html

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    45 mins
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